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The Application Of The Bi-Digital
O-Ring Imaging Test To Toxic Organ
Meridians And Clinical Medicine
Phillip Shinnick, PhD
ABSTRACT
Background Previous work summarized the discovery, development, technique, and theory of Omura's bi-digital O-ring phenomenon, which provides a sensitive diagnostic screening method that is now applied widely in conventional and Oriental medicine. Omura theorized this as an electromagnetic phenomenon and provided experiments to support this.
Objectives To provide an independent analysis of the O-ring as it is applied to the traditional Chinese main meridian system, and to examine this technique's applications in clinical medicine.
Design, Setting, and Patients Clinical application was made to 400 cases, with 30 unusual cases, over 4 years. These cases showed meridian patterns connecting the abdomen to the hip area with an organ tissue match for the colon, small intestine, gallbladder, pancreas, bladder, and ovary.
Intervention A toxic organ pathway using a triple-blinded technique with a sample of a toxic substance to that organ, and normal organ tissue as the control reference, and achieving a reversal of the Yin and Yang positions for the Lung and Colon. In addition, the 3 starting positions for the Lung, Toxic Lung, Colon, and Toxic Colon on the hand were compared with modern and older (Ming) meridian systems.
Main Outcome Measures To determine how bi-digital O-ring imaging corresponded to traditional Chinese meridian pathways, and how effective the newer technique is for clinical diagnostic use.
Results Selected case reports are presented. A spherical hollow shape was imaged at the posterior hip area of the pathway in all but 1 case. In all extra pathways, the flow went toward the organ (using a diode). In the cases of the colon, testis, and ovary, multiple pathways and spheres were found. The prostate and bladder pathways crossed on the leg pathway in 1 case. For the ovary and colon, pathways extended down the
iliotibial band to the medial calf with the pathway going down, then up, on another branch toward the organ. Pathways were imaged randomly for the diaphragm, ileum, jejunum, duodenum, thyroid, anus, Purkinje fiber, prostate, and heart. The diaphragm and heart were imaged in multiple phases after acupuncture.
Conclusions Patients with particular conditions such as asthma or hypertension are lodged in certain phases. Scars along the pathway or internal pathology to an organ can cause a pathway to deviate. The largest association with these abnormal pathways is scoliosis, or asymmetry.
KEY WORDS
Bi-Digital O-Ring Imaging Test, Toxic Organ Meridians, Traditional Chinese Meridians, Acupuncture
INTRODUCTION
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Figure 1A and 1B. 1986 from lung Mu point with cigar as lung toxin
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This article focuses on the application of the bi-digital O-ring test to the Lung and Colon points of the traditional Chinese main meridian system, as well as the application of the bi-digital O-ring test to clinical medicine. Omura's bi-digital O-ring phenomenon, provides a sensitive diagnostic screening method now applied widely in conventional and Oriental medicine. Omura theorized this as an electromagnetic phenomenon and provided experiments to support this.1 The O-ring also can be used to identify internal and external pathology, and to locate traditional meridian pathways and boundaries of internal organs. The intent of this study was to provide an independent analysis of the O-ring applied to the traditional Chinese main meridian system.
Omura demonstrated that by contacting a subject's Organ Representation point (Front-Mu or Alarm point) with a non-conducting probe while the subject was simultaneously holding a substance known to be toxic to that organ, the O-ring test produced a weakening response.2 (The author witnessed this experiment in Omura's office in 1986.) In 1985, Omura showed that by having the subject hold a microscopic organ tissue as a reference control substance, a meridian-like pathway of that internal organ could be mapped or "imaged" on the surface of the skin.3
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Figure 2A. Colon and lung
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Figure 2B. Toxic colon arm
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Figure 2C. Lung and toxic lung
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Figure 3. Blocking lung pathway with diode
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The logical implication was to discover if a toxic pathway could be imaged. This had to be done on a pathway that had not previously been imaged by Omura, and the technique had to be blinded (i.e., the subject, experimenter, and assistant each could not see what the other 2 were doing). In 1986, with the assistance of Celia Blumenthal, MD (holding the probe), and Herbert Berger, Dipl OBT (as the subject), and the author testing the finger strength, imaging was done for the Lung, with a cigar as the toxic substance taped to the wrist and the Mu Lung point as the control reference. This triple-blinded technique (the subject, the author, and the person holding the probe did not look at each other) resulted in an imaged Lung pathway lateral to the normal one with spheres along the pathway. The results are shown in Figure 1 with the imaging on the subject's skin.
Preparatory Work for the Study
In 1987, Omura provided a way to image the 12 traditional main meridians from comparable organ-tissue microscopic slides.4 Slides (Carolina Biological Supply Co., Burlington, NC) were obtained that included the dominant organs, which could be used to image other organs. All of the images for the present study were taken from the clinical experiments discussed in this article. The photographs from the experiments were imaged onto models to preserve confidentiality when necessary; Figures 1A and 1B are from the actual experiment. While Figures 4A and 4D were done with a model to correct poor lighting in the original experiment, Figures 4B, 4C, and 4E are of an actual patient, as are Figures 5A and 5B.
The Toxic Lung in Figure 1 was imaged in 1986, the normal Lung was imaged in 1991, and the normal Colon was imaged in 1987. The normal Colon can be imaged by using lung or colon tissue. The Toxic Colon was only imaged up to the shoulder (shown on the subject in Figure 2A-C). Furthermore, the normal and Toxic Lung was compared by superimposing them upon each other (Figure 2C).
There is a junction on the forearm of the Lung pathway that deviates toward a lateral pathway when a known lung toxin is added. Would this deviation occur if there were blockage on the surface of the pathway? To test this, a 10-V, 200-mA germanium diode (NTE 109; NTE Electronics, Bloomfield, NJ), which flows in only one direction, was placed above the junction (shown on the arm in Figure 3). The blocked flow deviated to the Toxic Lung pathway. The germanium diode was used to determine direction by simply placing it on the pathway. If the diode was placed in the wrong direction, then the pathway could not be imaged beyond the diode. However, when the diode was placed in the right direction, the pathway appeared as usual.
What would happen if there were a scar along the organ pathway or the organ itself was impaired? Figures 4A-E and 5A-B are reflective of this. A patient with a recent mastectomy complained of constant constipation. The Colon pathway was imaged (Figure 4A) with the original pathway superimposed on a model. The patient's constipation was relieved immediately and maintained for 3 months. She then had a breast replacement (Figure 4B). The nipple from the good breast was excised and put on the scarred breast. A saline implant was inserted to give the breast mass. Her constipation returned, probably as a result of the disturbances of the Colon pathway on the anterior thoracic chest. The Colon pathway was imaged, needled along the pathway, then re-imaged as shown in Figures 4B and 4C. She was also needled on the Shu Point in the back at the 11th thoracic vertebra. This relieved her constipation more permanently. Another treatment was given 5 months later (Figure 4D) with a lateral shift to a more normal pathway. Then, 4 months later (Figure 4E), a partial imaging showed a shift to the right for constipation after acupuncture, further toward the nipple. After that, she received acupuncture treatment to relieve constipation once per year for 3 years. Two other patients presented with constipation and reported having breast (silicone) implants; these implants were imaged in a manner similar to the imaging shown in Figure 4E.
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Figure 4A. 8/87 Colon (model) after mastectomy
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Figure 4B. 11/87 Colon
after breast implant
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Figure 4C. Colon. Dotted
line after acupuncture
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Figure 4D. 4/1/88 Colon
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Figure 4E. 8/25/88 Colon. After acupuncture, right shift toward nipple
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What would happen to the Lung pathway if the organ were impaired or had pathology? Figure 5 reflects the imaging on a patient who had 60% of his left lung removed because of alder poisoning (developed from working on a wood-workshop processing job). The Lung pathway image was similar to the image of toxic pathway, and the differences can be explained by the technique used to image the pathway. At first, pathways were imaged by stimulating the Organ Representation point or Mu point for the lung (Figure 1). In this patient, lung tissue was used and the difference in technique resulted in a pathway that went toward the cervical area more than the Organ Representation point did, as shown in Figure 1. (See Figure 8B, which shows a difference between the modern Lung pathway that goes to the Lung Mu point [Figure 1] and a pathway from the Ming dynasty, which is similar to the pathway imaged with tissue as in Figure 2A.) Both techniques are effective; using the Organ Representation point precludes the use of lung tissue. In Figure 5, the pathway is shown before (Figure 5A) and after (Figure 5B) electrical stimulation with surface electrodes.
Another Toxic Lung pathway was found in 1989 when a patient complained of tingling sensations in her shoulders, neck stiffness at C2, depression, and numbness in the fingers. Motor fiber conduction tests showed C7, T1 muscle membrane instability. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no abnormality. She was being exposed to Bestin, a photograph-processing toxin, and had been involved in 2 automobile collisions. The diagnosis was ulnar neuropathy and fibromyalgia. Testing of the Lung Mu point showed abnormality. Suspecting a lung toxin, her Lung pathway from the Mu point (Organ Representation point), rather than a microscopic slide of lung tissue (Figure 6A-B) was imaged.
The hand-position discrepancies required examination. The starting finger positions seemed to vary on the same person from time to time as well as varying among persons. Random persons (15) were examined with the O-ring for Lung, Lung toxins, Colon, and Colon toxins on each finger (Table 1). For each of the fingers, the tissues are compatible with each finger (Figure 7).
These are the possible pathways which differ from the main meridian theory of Chinese medicine in the position of the Lung and Colon and thus, Yin and Yang. The Lung and the Colon have 3 systems of origin in the finger with the normal Lung appearing on all 3 fingers. As shown, organ pathogens can go on 1 or 2 pathways. The presentation here of the Lung and Colon may be a better asymptote. There is a Yin and Yang, there is a dominant organ, and the pathways run on the arm and shoulder and chest. The pathway position varies according to pathology; the lung can be both Yin and Yang and the Toxic Colon can be in a Yang position, but the colon is normally Yin in the hand. From simple observation, one can see 2 distinct directions in the Lung: (1) inhalation and (2) exhalation. There are 2 other possibilities: (1) Yin when the breath is in all the way, and (2) Yang when the breath begins from the outside. The colon stores waste and expels it to the outside; these are more Yin but have Yang aspects. Tests could not confirm the colon in the Yang position except in pathological conditions. A theory that supports variation and takes more individual circumstances into account is a better asymptote.
This leaves many questions as to the location of Lung and Colon pathways, which seem to be reversed according to the modern interpretation of the traditional Chinese main meridian system. However, additional comparison of the pathways to the Ming Dynasty Meridian from the shoulder reveals that there is compatibility; below the elbow, this may vary according to the individual.5 In addition, below the elbow, there is a rotation possibility. The position is not fixed and the same could be said about the thumb. Natural variations in position result in energy or Qi variation.
The modern meridian system coincides with imaging of the Alarm Point (Organ Representation point or Mu Point); the more ancient meridian system coincides with imaging with organ tissue.
Figure 8A presents 3 electronically layered pathways; the left side of the Ming pathway is not presented, only the right face pathway. The modern pathway is a dotted line, the Ming pathway is a dashed line, and the author's pathway is a continuous line.4 The Shinnick and Ming pathways generally match across the chest with the modern and Ming pathways leading toward the face. The modern and Ming pathways generally match on the arm. Below the shoulder, the author's pathway goes palmar. Figure 8B shows a general match except for the starting position in the hand.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS
After presenting these images in 1986, a study was warranted on the clinical applications of this approach. The research was performed at the Center for Sports and Osteopathic Medicine in New York from 1986 to 1991, with a 100-patient pool per day. A total of 400 subjects were involved in the study. Richard Bachrach, DO, Steven Weiss, DO, and Mary Bano, DO, made independent Western diagnoses on each patient. During the study, the author did not consult the Western diagnoses of these physicians or consult the Chinese main meridian system. Each week, a physician's report was prepared for each of the patients treated by the author, and a summary of patient progress and findings was given to Dr Bachrach, President of the Center. Only disorders found via the bi-digital O-ring were treated. After 1991, when the treatments were completed, patient complaints, physical findings, and diagnoses were integrated with the findings gathered via the bi-digital O-ring.
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Figure 5A. Lung. After electrical stimulation cross market line 1987
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Figure 5B. 1987 lung
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The cases presented here were photographed, but the quality of the photographs and their multiple angles plus confidentiality requirements precluded using those photographs for publication. Thus, as noted above, models were used as templates and the pathways electronically imaged in a computer were superimposed on the templates.
INTERVENTION
An informed consent form explaining the procedure and the possible adverse effects of acupuncture (according to New York state law at that time) was signed by each patient, a physician, an acupuncturist, and a witness. It was a research protocol of the International College of Acupuncture and Electro-Therapeutics, New York, NY. The technique of the bi-digital O-ring Test (Omura O-ring) was also explained in an informed consent form signed by each patient.
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Figure 6A. 1989 Lung fromMu point
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Figure 6B. 1989 Lung from Mu point. After acupuncture dark line
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Because the center primarily treats pain, the examination procedure was intended not to confuse a spinal dermatome with a meridian matching an internal organ. A prescreening diagnostic protocol technique was developed, including checking each vertebra and Alarm Point (Organ Representation point or Mu Point) for abnormalities. An acupuncture technique was developed from this simple test. Abnormal Mu points and Bladder Points lateral to the abnormal vertebrae were needled.
In many cases, there was only an abnormality of the vertebrae and not a lateral dermatome or an abnormal organ. When there were large dermatome fields, patients were needled on tender points in imaged dermatome fields. There were, however, areas of abnormality over pain points that had definite boundaries; the areas were self-contained not as part of dermatomes. These areas were needled, and this combination of needling the dermatome on tender areas and needling defined areas that were not part of the dermatome was successful in most cases. Patients who returned repeatedly or had only short-term relief comprised approximately 5%-10% (n = 30) of the total 400. These were found not to follow the dermatome, but the condition was related to an organ. Cases that were confirmed by subsequent cases are presented here; other cases, although interesting, could not be duplicated, or similar cases could not found. One example was a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who had shoulder pain that was on the Toxic Lung pathway and the area matched thymus tissue rather than the Lung.
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Figure 7
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Figure 8A. Shinnick Colon pathway compared to Modern and Ming Dynasty
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Figure 8B. Shinnick Lung pathway compared to Modern and Ming Dynasty
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Figure 9A. Mu (Alarm) Points
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Figure 9B. Shu Points
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Mu Points
1. TMJ
2. Thyroid
3. Thymus
4. Lungs
5. Heart
6. Diaphragm
7. Gallbladder
9. Stomach
10. Pancreas
11. Ascending colon
12.Small intestine
13.Descending colon
14.Ureter
15.Urinary bladder
16a.Ovary
16b.Testes
17.Uterus
18.Prostate
19.Kidney
20.Neck vascular points
21.Lung points
22.Cardiovascular points (bladder points identified)
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Shu Points
VertebraOrgan
5Liver
6Spleen
7Gallbladder
8Stomach
8 (lower)Duodenum
9Pancreas
10Adrenal gland
11Colon
Source: 1992 Adriano Borgna, MD, and Phillip Shinick, PhD. From Omura seminars.
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The general technique was to stimulate the pain point and then compare this with microscopic slides of internal organs. The patient and the author did not know the identity of the slides which were placed with their labels facing down. If a match was found, this microscopic slide then became the control reference to image the pathway. Later in the study, when several cases had been found, the Mu point was sometimes used as a control to image a pathway much like the first imaging of the Lung Toxic pathway in Figure 1. The advantage of using the Mu (Organ Representation point) is that one does not need a sample of organ tissue. The disadvantage is that there are differences between the Mu (Organ Representation point) point and organ tissue for the Lung above the shoulder: the pathway goes to the Mu point with the Mu as a control and, if one is using organ tissue, the pathway goes through the Mu point and more superior toward the cervical spine.
Organ Representation points for the Mu and Shu points are presented as Figure 9. To avoid possible confusion between an abnormal vertebra and a Shu point, only Mu points were counted as organ abnormalities in this study.
RESULTS
Case Reports (Selected)
Case 1
In 1987, a woman had constant pain in her left hip and medial calf. Radiographs showed scoliosis to the left lumbar spine at L3-4, a 1.5-cm shorter left leg, and pronation to the left. A bone scan yielded negative results. The diagnosis was tendonitis of the left hip, tibialis posticus, and subtalar joint dysfunction. After the usual conventional medical procedure, the hip pain repeatedly returned. Acupuncture treatment produced temporary results. Starting from the hip pain area, the point was stimulated by a piece of tape (rather than by a non-conducting probe); then, organ microscopic slides and other samples of tissues were placed face down. An ovary tissue matched the Ovary pathway (the imaging is shown in Figure 10A-B). Seven separate imagings were made with the ovary tissue from 1987 to 1990 for this same patient (not shown). Acupuncture was performed along the pathway on tender points. With this approach, the patient had longer pain relief but it never totally ceased. In 1991, a cyst on her ovary was found and removed. In 1997, she still had some pain but could perform rehabilitation training for strength, which had previously triggered a pain reaction. Her condition was then managed with less treatment, mainly physical therapy.
Case 2
A man had constant pain in his right hip. Physical findings included scoliosis of the right lumbar spine, large osteophytes at L1-5, a moderate narrowing at L4, L5, S1, a right femoral head 2 cm lower than the left femoral head, a right iliac crest 1.5 cm lower than the left iliac crest, and a right hip spur. The diagnosis was hip pain as a result of psoas insufficiency and chronic disk disease at L4 and L5. Random tissue matches to the right hip showed Pancreas in 1988, and Gallbladder the following year (Figure 11). After the pancreas imaging, all possible foods he ate and drank were examined with the pain point on the hip as the control. Gin consumption proved to produce abnormal results. He stopped drinking gin and acupuncture along the image's pain pathway broke the intermittent pattern of pain relief. This 45-year-old man started taking figure-skating lessons. A year later, the pain returned and the hip pain matched the Gallbladder. He admitted to angry outbursts; breathing regulation was added to acupuncture, resulting in immediate improvement.
Case 3
A man had constant pain in both hips. Physical findings included right thoracic scoliosis, weak abdominal muscles, and moderate narrowing of L 5. The diagnosis was chronic immune deficiency and psoas insufficiency. Random tests on the patient's hip pain showed a match with Bladder (Figure 12). Two months later, the author imaged the pathway from the hip pain points without bladder tissue. Then, using bladder tissue, another imaged pathway resulted. Needling the Bladder pathway (from the tissue) resulted in the pathway remaining stationary. On needling, the pathway was imaged without bladder tissue; it moved to the pathway imaged with the tissue.
Case 6
Another patient had multiple pains in the groin, ankle, and back. Physical findings indicated that the ankle was crushed in a boating accident, with reconstructive surgery and loss of propioceptive sensation. The dysfunction extended to hip joint sacroiliac (SI) function; scarring extended along medial anterior of the left ankle, with the right hip pain area shown in imaging. The diagnosis was tibiofibular dysfunction, calcaneotalar, tibiotalar dysfunction, and secondary strain of the talar arch. Liver tissue was used to test the pathway because of the scarring and the groin and hip pain (Figure 13). In this case, because of the scar and surgical repair of the ankle along the Liver pathway, and the pain in the groin and hip, liver tissue was used. Acupuncture was performed along the imaged pathway to see if it would move to the normal pathway, which it did.
Case 7
An Ovary pathway was found in 1989 in a woman who had left sacral pain and left radiculopathy, with physical findings of postural imbalance and psoas insufficiency. The diagnosis was somatic dysfunction of the SI joint. Based on findings of the previous similar case, ovary tissue was tested on the pain point and proved to be compatible (imaged in Figures 14, 15).
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Table 1. Fingers and Thumb
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One
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Two
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Three
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1st (forefinger)
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Thumb
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Ring finger (3rd)
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Lateral side
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Reversible
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Palmar aspect
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Lung
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Lung
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Lung
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Colon
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Colon
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Tobacco
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Tobacco
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Lung cancer carcinoma
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Colon cancer carcinoma
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Colon cancer carcinoma
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Possible names for pathways in same order as above
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Yang Lung
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Yang Lung
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Yin Lung
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Yang Colon
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Yin Colon
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Toxic Yang Lung
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Toxic Yang Lung
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Internal Toxic Yang Lung
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Internal Toxic
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Internal Toxic
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Yang Colon
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Yang Colon
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Case 10
In 1989, a 73-year-old woman had neck and hip pain. Physical findings included a left posterior neck lymphoma, left atrophy of the trapezius, and cervical side-bend limitation. Radiography showed bone-density loss, anterior vertebral osteophytes, and hip restriction of side-bend. The diagnosis was disk disease degeneration of the lumbosacral spine, somatic dysfunction of the cervical spine, arthritis, and osteoporosis. Random tissue matched a post-menopausal ovary tissue based on matches for other patients (see below). The cervical spine match showed the Ileum (included in random slides of internal organs) [Figure 16B-D]).
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Figure 10A. 12/7/87 Ovary
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Figure 10B. 12/7/87 Ovary
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CONCLUSION
The hip Gallbladder pathway symptoms were associated with scoliosis, infection, colitis, constipation, hip spurs, food allergies, parasites, gallstones, osteoporosis, mechanical problems with the vertebrae, emotional stress, and spinal diseases of asymmetry. In women, this same configuration was associated with the Ovary rather than the Gallbladder, and went to a point directly over the Ovary. The Ovary pathway was associated with hip or sacral pain, medial calf pain, scoliosis, pronation of the feet, weakness of the calf muscles, cysts, herpes, infection of the ovary, lumbar radiculopathy, psoas insufficiency, obesity, depression, scoliosis, shortened legs, arthritis of the hip, and postural imbalance. The Bladder-Prostate configuration crosses in the leg. Other bladder symptoms included scoliosis, weak abdominal muscles, psoas insufficiency, and chronic immune deficiency. The Colon hip pathway was associated with hip pain, constipation, herniation and bulging of disks, scoliosis, pain in the bottom of the feet, and subtalar joint dysfunction.
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Figure 11A. 3/88
Pancreas back
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Figure 11B. 3/88
Pancreas front
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Figure 11C. 6/88 Gallbladder
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Figure 11D. 6/88 Gallbladder front
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Figure 12A. 7/9/88 Bladder
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Figure 12B. 7/9/88 Bladder front
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Figure 12C. 9/23/88 WT=with tissue, WOT= without tissue back
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Figure 12D. 9/23/88 Bladder front
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Figure13A. 9/9/88 Liver. Gray line=after acupuncture foot
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Figure 13B. 9/9/88 Liver
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Figure 13C. 9/9/88 Liver front right. Gray line=after acupuncture
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Figure 14. 1989 Ovary
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Figure 15. 1989 Ovary
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Figure 16A. 4/89 Post menopause ovary
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Figure 16B. 6/89 Ileum
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Figure 16C. 6/89 Ileum
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Figure 16D. 6/89 Ileum
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Figure 17A. 2/89
Diaphragm Phase One front
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Figure 17B. 2/89
Diaphragm back
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Figure 17C. 2/89 Diaphragm Phase Two after acupuncture front
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Figure 17D. 2/89 Diaphragm Phase Three after acupuncture front
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Figure 17E. 2/89 Diaphragm Phase three back
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Figure 17F. 2/89 Diaphragm Phase Four after acupuncture front
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The Heart pathway around the thoracic area was associated with chronic costochondritis and hypertension, and occurred in 3 phases: 1 before acupuncture and 2 after. A diaphragm pathway was found in 4 phases (Figure 17A-F). Patients with asthma tended to remain in 1 phase, as did smokers and individuals with pain along the pathway. Mechanical problems with the cervical vertebrae were associated with abnormal phases of the diaphragm as were pain in the neck, posterior deltoid, or scapula. Constriction of the throat, chronic rhinitis, deviated nasal septa, and stress were also associated with certain diaphragm phases. Pathways imaged with tissue after acupuncture usually resulted in the abnormal pathway disappearing or shifting more to a medial position. However, scoliosis, which is generally associated with organ abnormal pathways or aberrations to organ pathways, generally followed asymmetry of the spine with exceptions.
Comparing the Shinnick organ imaging of the lung and colon to modern (1986) and to the Ming period (1500) results in differences below the elbow. This seems to be logical since below the forearm, the arm is reversible and rotates. The Shinnick system compares well to arm pathways for the modern and Ming Lung, and follows the Ming pathway down toward the sternum. In the normal Colon, the Shinnick pathway compares to the Ming on the anterior torso, but does not go to the face as the modern and Ming pathways do. From the shoulder down, the Ming and modern pathways are in a Yang position laterally and the Shinnick is palmar or Yin. Only the Shinnick Toxic Colon pathway approximates the modern or Ming on the arm. A case with a confirmed bladder valve dysfunction and prostate problem resulted in a criss-cross pattern in the leg in 3 places over a 3-year period.
In summary, organ pathways deviate from the normal pathways under conditions of pain and injury to the body, disturbances of internal organs, or mental stress. The variable that connects various cases is asymmetry; that is, scoliosis, shortened legs, rotated rib cages, and an assortment of deviations from assumed symmetry. In addition, scars on the pathway or plastic surgery causes deviations. The Heart and Diaphragm show phases, 3 for the Heart and 4 for the Diaphragm, depending on the degrees and kinds of disturbances. Multiple starting positions in the hand for the Lung and Colon were found, and account for more variations that result from either the condition of the lung or colon, or dominant position of the hand throughout the day caused by the reversible forearm.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTs
Adriano Borgna, MD, and Jacob Heller, MD, assisted the author in many cases at the center, and Dr Borgna, with the author's help, prepared Figures 9A and 9B from lectures with Dr Omura.
REFERENCES
- Omura Y, Losco M, Omura AK, et al. Chronic or intractable medical problems associated with prolonged exposure to unsuspected harmful environmental electric, magnetic or electro-magnetic fields radiating in the bedroom or workplace and their exacerbation by intake of harmful light and heavy metals from common sources. Acupunct Electrother Res. 1991;16: 143-177.
- Omura Y. New simple early diagnostic methods using Omura's "Bi-Digital O-Ring Dysfunction Localization" method and acupuncture organ representation points, and their application to the "drug and food compatibility test" for individual organs and to auricular diagnosis of internal organs—Part 1 [editorial]. Acupunct Electrother Res. 1981;6:239-254.
- Omura Y. Re-evaluation of the classical acupuncture concept of meridians in Oriental medicine by the new method of detecting meridian-like networks connecting to internal organs using the "Bi-Digital O-Ring Test." Acupunct Electrother Res. 1986;11:219-231.
- Omura Y. Meridian-like networks of internal organs, corresponding to traditional Chinese 12 main meridians and their acupuncture points as detected by the "Bi-Digital O-Ring Imaging Method": search for the corresponding internal organ of Western Medicine for each meridian. Acupunct Electrother Res. 1987;12:53-70.
- Omura Y. Acupuncture Medicine: Its Historical and Clinical Background. Tokyo: Japan Publications; 1982:52, 55.
AUTHOR INFORMATION
Dr Phillip Shinnick is Director of the Research Institute of Global Physiology, Behavior and Treatment, Inc., in New York, NY. Dr Shinnick previously served as Clinical Assistant Professor at New York Medical School, and Assistant Professor of History and Sociology at Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.
Phillip Shinnick, PhD*
Research Institute of Global Physiology, Behavior and Treatment, Inc
1070 Park Ave
New York, NY 10128
Phone: 212-426-3744 • Fax: 212-534-9743 • E-mail: Pshinnick8@aol.com
*Correspondence and reprint requests
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